Mentoring on Their Terms: Balancing Connection and Goal-Setting for Young Adults

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Schenk, L., Sentse, M., Lenkens, M., Nagelhout, G. E., Engbersen, G., & Severiens, S. (2020). Instrumental mentoring for young adults: A multi-method study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 36(4), 398–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558420979123

Introduction

Schenk et al. (2020) investigate the role of closeness in instrumental mentoring for young adults, a mentoring approach focused on goal-setting and practical support rather than emotional bonding. The study aims to explore the relationship between instrumental support and closeness, particularly how these factors influence mentoring relationship quality.

Methods

This mixed-methods study involved 53 participants from a Rotterdam-based mentoring program aimed at enhancing self-sufficiency. Quantitative cluster analysis grouped mentees by their perceived closeness to mentors, followed by MANOVA to examine relationships between closeness, satisfaction, compatibility, and perceived similarities. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 10 participants provided deeper context on how closeness developed in mentoring relationships across the clusters.

Results

  • Two clusters emerged: 49% of mentees reported high levels of closeness with their mentors, while 51% reported low levels of closeness with their mentors.
  • Mentees with high closeness experienced greater satisfaction, instrumental compatibility, and attitude-based similarities with their mentors helping to achieve their goals
  • Mentees who reported feeling less close to their mentors preferred a task-focused approach and did not seek an emotional connection to achieve their goals

Discussion

The findings challenge the assumption that emotional closeness is always necessary for successful mentoring. As the author notes,  “Repeated support over time can lead to the formation of a close bond between mentor and mentee, making it easier to work toward goals.” For many young adults in this study, achieving self-sufficiency was more important than forming an emotional connection with their mentor.

However, the study also found that some mentees still valued emotional closeness, particularly those who had faced past difficulties with trust and social support. 

Implications for Mentoring Programs

  • Flexibility in mentoring approaches: Programs should tailor the balance between emotional and instrumental support based on mentees’ individual needs.
  • Emphasis on goal-setting: Clear, shared goals should be established to provide structure and ensure that the mentor-mentee relationship remains productive.
  • Closeness as a result, not a precondition: In some cases, emotional closeness may develop as a result of instrumental support, rather than being a prerequisite for successful mentoring.

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